An umbilical hernia occurs when part of the intestine or abdominal tissue pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles near the belly button (navel). It is common in infants but can also affect adults. While many cases are harmless, some may require medical attention or surgical treatment.

Understanding the symptoms and seeking timely medical advice can prevent complications.

What Is an Umbilical Hernia?

During pregnancy, the umbilical cord passes through a small opening in the baby’s abdominal muscles. Normally, this opening closes after birth. If it doesn’t close completely, a portion of the intestine may bulge through the weak area, forming an umbilical hernia.

In adults, increased abdominal pressure can cause this condition to develop later in life.

Symptoms of Umbilical Hernia

Common signs and symptoms include:

• A soft bulge or swelling near the belly button

• Swelling that becomes more noticeable while coughing, crying, or straining

• Mild discomfort or pain (more common in adults)

• Tenderness around the navel area

Emergency Symptoms

Seek immediate medical care if you notice:

• Severe abdominal pain

• Nausea or vomiting

• Red, purple, or dark discoloration of the bulge

• Swelling that cannot be pushed back in

These may indicate a strangulated hernia, which requires urgent treatment.

Causes of Umbilical Hernia

In Infants:

• Incomplete closure of abdominal muscles after birth

In Adults:

• Obesity

• Multiple pregnancies

• Chronic coughing

• Heavy lifting

• Fluid buildup in the abdomen

• Previous abdominal surgery

Anything that increases pressure inside the abdomen can contribute to the development of an umbilical hernia.

Diagnosis

Doctors typically diagnose an umbilical hernia through a physical examination. In some cases, imaging tests such as:

• Ultrasound

• CT Scan

• MRI

may be recommended to evaluate complications or confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Options

In Children

Most umbilical hernias in infants close naturally by the age of 3–5 years. Surgery is considered if:

• The hernia is large

• It persists beyond age 5

• It causes pain or complications

In Adults

Umbilical hernias in adults usually require surgical repair, as they do not close on their own and may enlarge over time.

Surgical Treatment

The procedure involves:

• Pushing the protruding tissue back into the abdomen

• Repairing the muscle wall

• Sometimes placing a surgical mesh for reinforcement

Surgery is generally safe and performed as a day-care procedure in most cases.

An umbilical hernia is a common condition that can affect both children and adults. While many cases are not serious, timely medical evaluation is essential to avoid complications. If you experience symptoms, consult an experienced doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.